Explains referential and logical ambiguity in natural-language statements
Pronouns with several referents and and-or clauses without precedence give a statement two readings.
Can AI do this?
AI does this well Most of the tested AI models master this. 10 of 10 models master it.
| Model | Tier | Probability of mastery | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemini-4-argon | Flagship | 100% | Mastered |
| gemini-3.1-pro-preview | Flagship | 100% | Mastered |
| gpt-6-astra | Flagship | 100% | Mastered |
| claude-fable-5-1 | Flagship | 100% | Mastered |
| gemini-3.8-flash | Mid tier | 100% | Mastered |
| gpt-6.1-sol | Mid tier | 100% | Mastered |
| claude-sonnet-5-5 | Mid tier | 100% | Mastered |
| gemini-3.5-flash-lite | Low cost | 100% | Mastered |
| gpt-6-luna | Low cost | 100% | Mastered |
| claude-haiku-5-5 | Low cost | 100% | Mastered |
Mastered means a probability of at least 90% that the model has this knobit, estimated from its graded answers. “Not shown” means the answers do not settle it either way. How the models are tested.
What it looks like in practice
Expected result: Pronouns with several referents and and-or clauses without precedence give a statement two readings
How it is assessed: Finds and resolves the ambiguities in sample statements
Related knobits
Needed for
- K-107 Recognises a reference with several possible referents
- K-316 Recognises an ambiguous pronoun in a rule statement
- K-317 Recognises mixed and-or without precedence in a rule
All 47 knobits of Capture data requirements.
Source: Data-management practice used by the stage 1 reference and review checklist